This database shows the most common legal and regulatory barriers to HIV testing, linkage to care and treatment access across Europe and in each individual European country, including how they affect particular key populations. It was developed as part of the OptTest project which finished in September 2018 - after which no further updates to the database were made. However the case studies and practical tips that were developed remain relevant.
Overview
Legal and regulatory barriers to best practice in HIV testing, care and treatment exist in all countries and in a variety of forms. They are a large part of what prevents us from reaching the UNAIDS 90/90/90 target in each country's HIV care continuum.
The map and grid enable comparison with other countries in the region as well as a quick check on individual countries. By clicking on specific country names in the grid, you can also access more detailed information on that country. Please use this information alongside the other advocacy tools provided by OptTEST and others to reduce these barriers and increase HIV testing, linkage to care and treatment access in your country.
If there are blank data fields or incorrect data on your country, please use the form to provide us with better data including links to any documentary proofs. The database depends on your contributions and updates.
Albania
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Armenia
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Austria
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Azerbaijan
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Belarus
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Belgium
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- Yes
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Bulgaria
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Don't know
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Don't know
Croatia
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Cyprus
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Czech Republic
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Denmark
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Estonia
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Finland
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
France
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Georgia
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Germany
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Greece
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Hungary
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Iceland
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Ireland
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- Yes
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Israel
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Italy
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Kazakhstan
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Don't know
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Kyrgyzstan
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Latvia
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Lithuania
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Luxembourg
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Malta
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Moldova, Republic of
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Montenegro
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Netherlands
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- Yes
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Norway
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Poland
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Portugal
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Romania
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Don't know
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Russian Federation
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Serbia
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Slovenia
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Spain
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Sweden
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Switzerland
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- Yes
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Tajikistan
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes in certain places
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Turkey
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
Turkmenistan
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Don't know
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Don't know
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- Don't know
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Don't know
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Don't know
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Don't know
Ukraine
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
United Kingdom
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- No
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- Yes
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- Yes
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- Yes
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- Yes
Uzbekistan
- Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?
- Yes
- Is HIV testing free to all who want it?
- Yes for all
- Is postal HIV sampling legal?
- No
- Is home HIV testing legal?
- No
- Is community testing at NGOs legal?
- No
- Is community/outreach event testing legal?
- No
National policy/strategy or official recommendations on HIV testing? | Restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests? | Restrictions - Specialist clinic staff (doctor and/nurse) only | Restrictions - Any doctor/nurse (not necessarily in a specialist clinic) | Restrictions - NGO with clinical supervision | Restrictions - NGO without clinical supervision | HIV testing free to all who want it? | Is free HIV testing available? | HIV testing access restricted for some groups/populations? | Restrictions - Men who have sex with men | Restrictions - People who inject drugs | Restrictions - Sex workers | Restrictions - Migrants | Restrictions - Transgender people | Restrictions - Prisoners and incarcerated people | Postal HIV sampling legal | Home HIV testing legal | Community testing at NGOs legal | Community/outreach event testing legal | Anonymous testing available | Legislation protecting the rights of people with HIV | Needle exchange available for people who inject drugs | Opiate substitution therapy available | Are PWID (people who inject drugs) excluded from HIV treatment while actively using drugs | Legal to sell sex | Legal to buy sex | Free access to HIV treatment | Access to HIV treatment restricted for certain populations with HIV | Restricted access - Men who have sex with men | Restricted access - People who inject drugs | Restricted access - Sex workers | Restricted access - Migrants | Restricted access - Transgender people | Restricted access - Prisoners and incarcerated people | Country status | Legal treatment access: Other EU migrant nationals | Legal treatment access: general non-EU migrants | Legal treatment access: Non-EU migrants with asylum/refugee status | Legal treatment access: Non-EU migrants who are undocumented | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Don't know | Don't know | No | No | No | Yes, for all | No | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | No | N/A | No | |||||||||||||||
Armenia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes but there are exceptions | No | No | |||||||||||||
Austria | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | No | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | No | ||||||||||||||
Azerbaijan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Don't know | Yes, for some | Don't know | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | |||||||||||||
Belarus | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | No | No | No | ||||||||||||
Belgium | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | |||||||||||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Don't know | No | No | Yes, for all | No | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | ||||||||||||||
Bulgaria | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Yes in certain places | No | No | Don't know | Yes | Don't know | Yes | Yes | Yes | Don't know | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | |||||||||||||
Croatia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | No | |||||||||||||
Cyprus | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | No | ||||||||||||
Czech Republic | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | ||||||||||||
Denmark | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | No | |||||||||||||
Estonia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Don't know | No | ||||||||||||
Finland | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes there is universal access | No | ||||||||||||
France | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | ||||||||||||
Georgia | Yes | No | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | No | No | No | ||||||||||||||
Germany | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | No | ||||||||||||
Greece | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | |||||||||||||
Hungary | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Don't know | Don't know | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | Don't know | Don't know | |||||||||||||
Iceland | No | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes, for all | No | EFTA | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | |||||||||||||||
Ireland | Yes | No | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for all | No | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | ||||||||||||||||
Israel | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | ||||||||||||
Italy | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | |||||||||||||
Kazakhstan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | Yes | Yes | No | Don't know | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes but there are exceptions | No | No | |||||||||||||
Kyrgyzstan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes but there are exceptions | No | No | |||||||||
Latvia | Yes | No | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | No | Yes but there are exceptions | No | |||||||||||||||
Lithuania | No | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes, for all | No | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | |||||||||||||||
Luxembourg | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for all | No | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | |||||||||||||||
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Don't know | No | Yes, for some | No | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes but there are exceptions | Don't know | Don't know | ||||||||||||||
Malta | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | No | ||||||||||||
Moldova, Republic of | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Don't know | No | Yes, for some | No | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Don't know | |||||||||||||
Montenegro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for all | No | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Don't know | |||||||||||||||
Netherlands | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | ||||||||||||||
Norway | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Don't know | Yes | Yes, for all | No | EFTA | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | |||||||||||||
Poland | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes, for some | No | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | ||||||||||||||
Portugal | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | No | |||||||||||||
Romania | Yes | Don't know | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes, for some | Yes | EU | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | ||||||||||
Russian Federation | Don't know | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | No | No | No | |||||||||||
Serbia | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes but there are exceptions | No | No | ||||||||||||
Slovenia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | |||||||||||||
Spain | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | ||||||||||||
Sweden | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes, for all | No | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes but there are exceptions | |||||||||||||
Switzerland | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | EFTA | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | |||||||||||
Tajikistan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes in certain places | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | No | No | No | |||||||||||||
Turkey | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Yes in certain places | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Yes but there are exceptions | Yes but there are exceptions | No | |||||||||||||
Turkmenistan | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | Don't know | Don't know | Don't know | ||||||||||||||||
Ukraine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | No | No | No | ||||||||||||
United Kingdom | Yes | No | Yes for all | Across whole country | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, for all | No | EU | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | Yes there is universal access | ||||||||||||||||
Uzbekistan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes for all | Across whole country | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes, for some | Yes | Yes | Yes | Non-EU / Non EFTA | N/A | No | No | No |