Barring The Way To Health | Legal and regulatory barriers which impede the HIV care continuum in Europe

This database shows the most common legal and regulatory barriers to HIV testing, linkage to care and treatment access across Europe and in each individual European country, including how they affect particular key populations.

Overview

Legal and regulatory barriers to best practice in HIV testing, care and treatment exist in all countries and in a variety of forms. They are a large part of what prevents us from reaching the UNAIDS 90/90/90 target in each country's HIV care continuum.

The map and grid enable comparison with other countries in the region as well as a quick check on individual countries. By clicking on specific country names in the grid, you can also access more detailed information on that country. Please use this information alongside the other advocacy tools provided by OptTEST and others to reduce these barriers and increase HIV testing, linkage to care and treatment access in your country.

If there are blank data fields or incorrect data on your country, please use the form to provide us with better data including links to any documentary proofs. The database depends on your contributions and updates.

Albania

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Albania

Armenia

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Armenia

Austria

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Austria

Azerbaijan

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Azerbaijan

Belarus

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Belarus

Belgium

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: Yes

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Don't know

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Don't know

Show all data for Bulgaria

Croatia

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Croatia

Cyprus

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Cyprus

Czech Republic

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Czech Republic

Denmark

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Denmark

Estonia

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Estonia

Finland

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Finland

France

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for France

Georgia

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Georgia

Germany

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Germany

Greece

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Greece

Hungary

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Hungary

Iceland

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Iceland

Ireland

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: Yes

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Ireland

Israel

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Israel

Italy

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Italy

Kazakhstan

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Don't know

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Kyrgyzstan

Latvia

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Latvia

Lithuania

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Lithuania

Luxembourg

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Luxembourg

Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of

Malta

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Malta

Moldova, Republic of

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Moldova, Republic of

Montenegro

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Montenegro

Netherlands

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: Yes

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Netherlands

Norway

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Norway

Poland

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Poland

Portugal

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Portugal

Romania

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Don't know

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Romania

Russian Federation

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Russian Federation

Serbia

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Serbia

Slovenia

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Slovenia

Spain

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Spain

Sweden

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Sweden

Switzerland

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: Yes

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Switzerland

Tajikistan

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes in certain places

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Tajikistan

Turkey

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Turkey

Turkmenistan

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Don't know

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Don't know

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: Don't know

Is home HIV testing legal?: Don't know

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Don't know

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Don't know

Show all data for Turkmenistan

Ukraine

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for Ukraine

United Kingdom

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: No

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: Yes

Is home HIV testing legal?: Yes

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: Yes

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: Yes

Show all data for United Kingdom

Uzbekistan

Are there restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?: Yes

Is HIV testing free to all who want it?: Yes for all

Is postal HIV sampling legal?: No

Is home HIV testing legal?: No

Is community testing at NGOs legal?: No

Is community/outreach event testing legal?: No

Show all data for Uzbekistan

	National policy/strategy or official recommendations on HIV testing?	Restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests?	Restrictions - Specialist clinic staff (doctor and/nurse) only	Restrictions - Any doctor/nurse (not necessarily in a specialist clinic)	Restrictions - NGO with clinical supervision	Restrictions - NGO without clinical supervision	HIV testing free to all who want it?	Is free HIV testing available?	HIV testing access restricted for some groups/populations?	Restrictions - Men who have sex with men	Restrictions - People who inject drugs	Restrictions - Sex workers	Restrictions - Migrants	Restrictions - Transgender people	Restrictions - Prisoners and incarcerated people	Postal HIV sampling legal	Home HIV testing legal	Community testing at NGOs legal	Community/outreach event testing legal	Anonymous testing available	Legislation protecting the rights of people with HIV	Needle exchange available for people who inject drugs	Opiate substitution therapy available	Are PWID (people who inject drugs) excluded from HIV treatment while actively using drugs	Legal to sell sex	Legal to buy sex	Free access to HIV treatment	Access to HIV treatment restricted for certain populations with HIV	Restricted access - Men who have sex with men	Restricted access - People who inject drugs	Restricted access - Migrants	Restricted access - Prisoners and incarcerated people	Country status	Legal treatment access: Other EU migrant nationals	Legal treatment access: general non-EU migrants	Legal treatment access: Non-EU migrants with asylum/refugee status	Legal treatment access: Non-EU migrants who are undocumented

Albania	Yes	Yes	Yes				Yes for all	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Don't know	Don't know	No	No	No	Yes, for all	No					Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	No	N/A	No
Armenia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes but there are exceptions	No	No
Austria	No	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	No					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	No
Azerbaijan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Don't know	Yes, for some	Don't know					Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know
Belarus	Yes	No		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	No	No	No
Belgium	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes		Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes		Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Don't know	No	No	Yes, for all	No					Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know
Bulgaria	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Yes in certain places	No							No	Don't know	Yes	Don't know	Yes	Yes	Yes	Don't know	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No
Croatia	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	No
Cyprus	Yes	No		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No	No
Czech Republic	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No
Denmark	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	No
Estonia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Don't know	No
Finland	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes there is universal access	No
France	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions
Georgia	Yes	No		Yes			Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	No	No	No
Germany	Yes	No		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No	No
Greece	Yes	No		Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions
Hungary	No	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Don't know	Don't know					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions	Don't know	Don't know
Iceland	No	Yes		Yes			Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes, for all	No					EFTA	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access
Ireland	Yes	No					Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for all	No					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access
Israel	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Across whole country	Yes				Yes			No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know
Italy	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions
Kazakhstan	Yes	Yes		Yes			Yes in certain places	Across whole country	Yes				Yes			No	Don't know	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes but there are exceptions	No	No
Kyrgyzstan	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes but there are exceptions	No	No
Latvia	Yes	No					Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	No	Yes but there are exceptions	No
Lithuania	No	Yes		Yes			Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes, for all	No					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access
Luxembourg	Yes	Yes		Yes			Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for all	No					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of	No	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Don't know	No	Yes, for some	No					Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes but there are exceptions	Don't know	Don't know
Malta	No	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	No
Moldova, Republic of	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Don't know	No	Yes, for some	No					Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Don't know
Montenegro	Yes	Yes	Yes				Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for all	No					Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Don't know
Netherlands	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access
Norway	Yes	No		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Don't know	Yes	Yes, for all	No					EFTA	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access
Poland	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes, for some	No					EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions
Portugal	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	No
Romania	Yes	Don't know		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes				No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes, for some	Yes					EU	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No
Russian Federation	Don't know	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Across whole country	Yes				Yes			No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	No	No	No
Serbia	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes for all	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes but there are exceptions	No	No
Slovenia	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes in certain places	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No
Spain	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	Yes							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions
Sweden	Yes	No		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes for all	Across whole country	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes, for all	No					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes but there are exceptions
Switzerland	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		EFTA	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No
Tajikistan	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes		Yes in certain places	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	No	No	No
Turkey	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes for all	Yes in certain places	No							No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Yes but there are exceptions	Yes but there are exceptions	No
Turkmenistan	Don't know	Don't know					Don't know	Don't know	Don't know							Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know					Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	Don't know	Don't know	Don't know
Ukraine	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes for all	Across whole country	Yes						Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes			Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	No	No	No
United Kingdom	Yes	No					Yes for all	Across whole country	No							Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes, for all	No					EU	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access	Yes there is universal access
Uzbekistan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes for all	Across whole country	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes, for some	Yes	Yes		Yes		Non-EU / Non EFTA	N/A	No	No	No

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