Estonia
| National policy | |
|---|---|
| National policy/strategy or official recommendations on HIV testing? | Yes |
| National policy/strategy document | |
| Who can administer HIV tests? | |
| Restrictions on who can legally administer HIV tests? | Yes |
| Which groups can legally do HIV testing? |
|
| Further comments | Only doctors (GPs and specialist doctors) and midwives can recommend HIV testing. HIV testing (the procedure) can be performed by nurses, midwives, doctors, laboratory specialists (medical personnel) |
| Free HIV testing | |
| HIV testing free to all who want it? | Yes for all |
| Further comments | Free for all (incl illegal immmigrants) in anonymous HIV testing sites. Free for those who have national health insurance (94% of the population)In prisons |
| Is free HIV testing available? | Across whole country |
| Further comments | |
| HIV testing restrictions | |
| HIV testing access restricted for some groups/populations? | No |
| Which groups are restricted | |
| Further comments | |
| Availability of testing in non-clinical settings | |
| Is testing available in any of the following ways? | |
| Postal HIV sampling legal? | No |
| Home HIV testing legal? | Yes |
| Community testing at NGOs legal? | Yes |
| Community/outreach event testing legal? | Yes |
| Other | gay oriented bars, clubs and sauna |
| Rapid tests used by community based testing services/initiatives? | Finger blood |
| Anonymity/Confidentiality of HIV testing | |
| Anonymous testing available? | Yes |
| If yes, please give details | There is a network of 13 anonymous testing sites across the country (testing for HIV, hepatitis B and C) as well as community based events and teting facilities being anonymous. |
| If not, why not, what sort of information is required and is there any promise of confidentiality? | |
| Discrimination & equality | |
| Legislation | |
| Legislation protecting the rights of people with HIV? | No |
| Further comments | A respondent writes 'We have no specific legislation for PLHIV. We have general legislation to protect everybody |
| Other key populations | |
| Needle exchange available for people who inject drugs? | Yes |
| Further comments | Needle exchange is available everywhere where there is need (except in prisons). Good coverage, there is no limit on the number of syringes issues. Availability of needle exchange is also confirmed by information available on https://www.hri.global/global-state-of-harm-reduction |
| Opiate substitution therapy available? | Yes |
| Further comments | OST is also available in prisons |
| Are PWID (people who inject drugs) excluded from HIV treatment while actively using drugs? | No |
| Further comments | |
| Legal to sell sex? | Yes |
| Further comments | Selling and buying sex are not a crime but there are legal barriers to prostitution being a recognised occupation. - from http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw |
| Legal to buy sex? | Yes |
| Further comments | Selling and buying sex are not a crime but there are legal barriers to prostitution being a recognised occupation. - from http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw |
| Access to HIV Treatment | |
| Free access to HIV treatment? | Yes, for some |
| Further comments | For ARV treatment, an Estonian residence permit is required.It is currently unclear from the responses received how this is obtained if one is a migrant from outside the EU. |
| Status and access to HIV treatment and care in your country | |
| Access to HIV treatment restricted for certain populations with HIV? | Yes |
| Which groups are restricted? |
|
| If more than one of the above populations selected, please give more information | |
| Status | |
| Country status | EU |
| Mobility in Europe | |
| Do the following groups/populations have legal access to HIV treatment? (i.e provided on the same basis as citizens of the country) | |
| Legal treatment access: Other EU migrant nationals | Yes but there are exceptions |
| If yes but exceptions, please describe | Must have a residence permit in Estonia. |
| Legal treatment access: general non-EU migrants | Yes but there are exceptions |
| If yes but exceptions, please describe | Must have a residence permit in Estonia. |
| Legal treatment access: Non-EU migrants with asylum/refugee status | Don't know |
| If yes but exceptions, please describe | Must have a residence permit in Estonia. |
| Legal treatment access: Non-EU migrants who are undocumented | No |
| If yes but exceptions, please describe | Must have a residence permit in Estonia. |
| Further comments | |
| About this data | |
| Last minor revision | 12 July 2016 |
| Last major revision | 19 December 2016 |
| Published | 2 January 2017 |
| Data sources | As well as responses from in-country individuals information was taken from the follwing sources:http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/aids/Pages/monitoring-dublin-declaration.aspx Sex Work Laws These included https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_by_country#Europe The Global Network of Sex Work Projects www.nswp.org and country sources and http://sexualrightsdatabase.org/map/21/Adult%20sex%20work and http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw Drug use Needle exchange information was taken from Harm Reduction International who have an interactive tool https://www.hri.global/global-state-of-harm-reduction Criminal Law http://criminalisation.gnpplus.net has useful info about the criminal law and is searchable by country as well as http://www.hivjustice.net/site/countries/ MSM http://ilga.org/what-we-do/state-sponsored-homophobia-report/ (2016) |
| Data contacts | Responses were received from National Institute for Health Development (http://www.tai.ee/) and Estonian Network of PLWH (www.ehpv.ee) |